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| Abraham offering Isaac on the altar |
"Some time later God tested Abraham. He said to him, 'Abraham!' 'Here I am,' he replied. Then God said, 'Take your son, your only son, whom you love—Isaac—and go to the region of Moriah. Sacrifice him there as a burnt offering on a mountain I will show you.'' (Gen 22:1-2, NIV).
God was testing Abraham to see if he would obey Him by telling him to take Isaac his only son, whom he loved, and sacrifice him as a burnt offering on top of Mount Moriah. This was the son of promise with whom God had promised to established His everlasting covenant. To sacrifice him as a burnt offering would defy all logic, since there would be no other way for God to fulfill His promise if Isaac were put to death. But by faith Abraham obeyed God.
"Early the next morning Abraham got up and loaded his donkey. He took with him two of his servants and his son Isaac. When he had cut enough wood for the burnt offering, he set out for the place God had told him about. On the third day Abraham looked up and saw the place in the distance. He said to his servants, 'Stay here with the donkey while I and the boy go over there. We will worship and then we will come back to you.'” (Gen 22:3-5, NIV)
Observe how Abraham assured his servants that he and Isaac both would come back to them. He said "we" (both he and his son) will worship and then "we" (plural) will come back to you. He spoke by faith.
"Abraham took the wood for the burnt offering and placed it on his son Isaac, and he himself carried the fire and the knife. As the two of them went on together, Isaac spoke up and said to his father Abraham, 'Father?' 'Yes, my son?' Abraham replied. 'The fire and wood are here,' Isaac said, 'but where is the lamb for the burnt offering?' Abraham answered, 'God himself will provide the lamb for the burnt offering, my son.' And the two of them went on together." (Gen 22:6-8, NIV).
The words that Abraham spoke to his son here by faith are worthy of noting. "God himself will provide the lamb for the burnt offering, my son." He believed that God would provide a lamb.
"When they reached the place God had told him about, Abraham built an altar there and arranged the wood on it. He bound his son Isaac and laid him on the altar, on top of the wood. Then he reached out his hand and took the knife to slay his son. But the angel of the Lord called out to him from heaven, 'Abraham! Abraham!' 'Here I am,' he replied. 'Do not lay a hand on the boy,' he said. 'Do not do anything to him. Now I know that you fear God, because you have not withheld from me your son, your only son.'" (Gen 22:9-12, NIV).
The test was over once God saw that Abraham was willing to sacrifice his only son, because he feared the Lord. Then something amazing happened next.
"Abraham looked up and there in a thicket he saw a ram caught by its horns. He went over and took the ram and sacrificed it as a burnt offering instead of his son. So Abraham called that place The Lord Will Provide. And to this day it is said, 'On the mountain of the Lord it will be provided.'" (Gen 22:13-14, NIV).
God supernaturally provided a ram for Abraham to offer up to Him as a sacrifice instead of his son Isaac, which was just as Abraham had believed would happen when he said, "God himself will provide the lamb for the burnt offering."
"The angel of the Lord called to Abraham from heaven a second time and said, 'I swear by myself, declares the Lord, that because you have done this and have not withheld your son, your only son, I will surely bless you and make your descendants as numerous as the stars in the sky and as the sand on the seashore. Your descendants will take possession of the cities of their enemies, and through your offspring all nations on earth will be blessed, because you have obeyed Me.' Then Abraham returned to his servants, and they set off together for Beersheba. And Abraham stayed in Beersheba." (Gen 22:15-19, NIV).
God was looking for Abraham's obedience, and once He saw it, that was all He needed to see. He did not need Abraham to actually sacrifice Isaac. To obey is better than sacrifice and to hearken than the fat of rams (1 Sam 15:22). The apostle described the faith of Abraham in this way:
"By faith Abraham, when he was tested, offered up Isaac, and he who had received the promises was offering up his only begotten son; it was he to whom it was said, 'in Isaac your descendants shall be called.' He considered that God is able to raise people even from the dead, from which he also received him back as a type." (Heb 11:17-19).
The apostle here specifically refers to Isaac as a type by saying that Abraham received Isaac back from the dead "as a type." This is an explicit reference that leaves no doubt that Isaac was a type of Christ. Just as Abraham offered his only begotten son Isaac on the altar and did not withhold his son, so likewise God the Father offered His only begotten son Jesus Christ on the cross and did not withhold Him. For the apostle said, "He who did not spare his own Son, but gave him up for us all--how will he not also, along with him, graciously give us all things?" (Rom 8:32, NIV).
The amazing thing here is that we are the ones who logically should be sacrificing to God, but God instead offered the greatest sacrifice of all for us, and the only sacrifice that could satisfy His wrath, which was the sacrifice of His only begotten Son. That was foreshadowed by Abraham's offering Isaac up to Him on the altar, but God did what He did not require Abraham to do. While God stopped Abraham from following through with driving that knife into Isaac, God on the other hand did follow through with His sacrifice of Christ on the cross. Jesus was indeed crucified, died, and was buried. What a tremendous act of love!
But it doesn't end there, because just as God gave Isaac, who was as good as dead, back to Abraham, God raised Jesus from the dead on the third day. If we could figuratively say with the apostle that Abraham received Isaac back from the dead, we could also say that it, too, happened on the third day. For if you recall, the very next morning after God told Abraham to sacrifice Isaac, Abraham set off to go and obey God. But it was on the third day that they went together, just the two of them, up onto Mount Moriah, and it was on that third day that he received Isaac back. All of this was a type of Christ's death on the cross and resurrection on the third day.
The Ram Was a Type, Too
In another sense, we could say the ram or lamb that God provided on Mount Moriah was also a type of Christ. God provided a lamb as Abraham believed He would, so that Abraham didn't have to sacrifice his only son. Likewise, God has provided a lamb in that He gave His only begotten Son Jesus Christ to die in our place, so that we do not have to perish. Jesus died in our place, just as that lamb died in Isaac's place.
The Lord Will Provide
This study would not be complete if I didn't mention this one last thing. When Isaac asked his father where the lamb for the offering was, Abraham answered, "God himself will provide the lamb for the burnt offering, my son." (Gen 22:8). Later on, after the Lord provided the lamb, "Abraham called that place The Lord Will Provide. And to this day it is said, 'On the mountain of the Lord it will be provided.'" (Gen 22:14, NIV).
Even Mount Moriah was a type of the hill called Calvary (Lk 23:33). According to this verse, the place where Jesus was crucified was The Place of the Skull, which in Aramaic is the word Golgotha, and in Latin is the word Calvary. So both Isaac and Jesus were offered to God on top of a hill. Mount Moriah was located in Jerusalem, where Solomon's temple was later built (2 Chr 3:1), and Calvary was located near Jerusalem outside the city (Jn 19:20; Heb 13:11-13), where Jesus (whose body was a type of the temple) was crucified on the cross. It was there on Calvary that the Lord provided the Lamb of God to die in our place.
Closing Words
In our study of the sacrifice of Isaac to God on the altar, we have seen that he is a type of Christ. As Abraham's only begotten son, who was offered up on the altar to God, he foreshadowed God's only begotten Son Jesus Christ, who was offered up on the cross to God as the perfect sacrifice. Just as Abraham by faith received Isaac back on the third day, as if from the dead, Jesus rose from the dead on the third day and lives forever more. God did what He did not require Abraham to completely do. And we even saw how the lamb or ram the Lord provided on Mount Moriah prefigured Christ the Lamb of God, who was given for us on the cross of Calvary.
Studying types of Christ like this can help us grow in our love and knowledge of the Lord. I trust this has helped to accomplish that very goal in your life as you have read this article. I hope you will come back again later to enjoy more articles on the types in the Bible.
Author's note: Also see Adam as a Type of Christ, Noah's Ark a Type of Christ, The Temple as a Type of Christ, The Passover Lamb as a Type of Christ, and Hagar and Sarah as Types. You can access the Main Directory for Biblical Typology, or my complete blog directory at Writing for the Master. Now I'd like to ask a very important question.
Do You Want to Know Him?
If you want to know Jesus personally, you can. It all begins when you repent and believe in Jesus. Do you know what God's Word, the Bible says?
“Jesus came into Galilee, preaching the gospel of God, and saying, ‘The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand; repent and believe in the gospel.’” (Mar 1:14b-15). He preached that we must repent and believe.
Please see my explanation of this in my post called "Do You Want to Know Jesus?"
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Len Lacroix is the founder of Doulos Missions International. He was based in Eastern Europe for four years, making disciples, as well as helping leaders to be more effective at making disciples who multiply, developing leaders who multiply, with the ultimate goal of planting churches that multiply. His ministry is now based in the United States with the same goal of helping fulfill the Great Commission. www.dmiworld.org.
